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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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colombia.4
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1991-04-07
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Economy
Overview: Economic activity has slowed gradually since 1986, but
growth rates remain high by Latin American standards. Conservative
economic policies have encouraged investment and kept inflation and
unemployment under 30% and 10%, respectively. The rapid development
of oil, coal, and other nontraditional industries over the past four
years has helped to offset the decline in coffee prices--Colombia's
major export. The collapse of the International Coffee Agreement in
the summer of 1989, a troublesome rural insurgency, and drug-related
violence dampen prospects for future growth.
GDP: $35.4 billion, per capita $1,110; real growth rate 3.7% (1988).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 27% (1989 est.).
Unemployment rate: 9.0% (1989 est.).
Budget: revenues $4.39 billion; current expenditures $3.93 billion,
capital expenditures $l.03 billion (1989 est.).
Exports: $5.76 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--coffee 30%,
petroleum 24%, coal, bananas, fresh cut flowers; partners--US 36%,
EC 21%, Japan 5%, Netherlands 4%, Sweden 3%.
Imports: $5.02 billion (c.i.f., 1989 est.); commodities--industrial
equipment, transportation equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals,
paper products; partners--US 34%, EC 16%, Brazil 4%, Venezuela 3%,
Japan 3%.
External debt: $17.5 billion (1989).
Industrial production: growth rate 2.0% (1989 est.).
Electricity: 9,250,000 kW capacity; 35,364 million kWh produced,
1,110 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and
footwear, beverages, chemicals, metal products, cement;
mining--gold, coal, emeralds, iron, nickel, silver, salt.
Agriculture: accounts for 22% of GDP; crops make up two-thirds
and livestock one-third of agricultural output; climate
and soils permit a wide variety of crops, such as coffee,
rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseeds, vegetables;
forest products and shrimp farming are becoming more important.
Illicit drugs: major illicit producer of cannabis and coca
for the international drug trade; key supplier of marijuana
and cocaine to the US and other international drug markets;
drug production and trafficking accounts for an estimated
4% of GDP and 28% of foreign exchange earnings.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $1.6 billion;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $2.9 billion; Communist countries (1970-88),
$399 million.
Currency: Colombian peso (plural--pesos); 1 Colombian peso
(Col$) = 100 centavos.
Exchange rates: Colombian pesos (Col$) per US$1--439.68
(January 1990), 382.57 (1989), 299.17 (1988), 242.61 (1987),
194.26 (1986), 142.31 (1985).
Fiscal year: calendar year.